Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Rajasekhar Reddy ¹, V. Vaithiyanathan ¹, B. Karthikeyan ¹, Gonavaram Venkata Sai Theja ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This paper contains the change detection between frames of a video. The main objective is to show how the sequence of frames differ from one another in a video. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The amount of change between two frames is measured using the pixel based change detection parameter’s Absolute Average Difference (AAD), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Normalized Correlation (NC), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE). These parameters detect the changes in each and every pixel of the frame with respect to other frame and values are calculated for each frame of a video and compared in the tables followed by analysis of the values. Findings: The results indicated the changes that are not perceived by the human eyes. They depict that if the change between two frames are visible to the human eyes then they differ more based on the parameter we have considered and if the change is not visible to the eyes then minute differences is observed between the two respective frames. Application/Improvements: The change detection plays a significant role in visual media. Based on the change detection of frames, analysis of a video can be done.

Keywords

Change Detection, Frame, Mean Squared Error, Normalized Correlation, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Pixel

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B. Karthikeyan ¹, M. Rajasekhar Reddy ¹, V. Vaithiyanathan ¹, D. Kannan ¹, A. C. Kosaraju ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur- 613401, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper proposes a new method to enhance security for data hiding in radiographic images through distortion of original data. Method: The process involves applying a Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) to the original data, which groups and stores similar patterns in data, causing distortion. This distorted data is then further encoded in a safe format before hiding it in the cover image. The decoding process decoding from the safe format and applying Inverse Burrows-Wheeler Transform (IBWT) to retrieve the original data from the stego image. Findings: Thus, a 2-level security scheme is implemented. Cryptanalysis of the hidden data becomes difficult since the original data is distorted, thus enhancing the security of the hidden data. Nevertheless, the stego image obtained from this method is less deviated from the original cover image. This is shown from the satisfactory PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and MSE (Mean Square Error) obtained. Application/Improvements: This proposed method can be used wherever steganography or data hiding has its applications. This method can be used in commercial communication, military communication etc.

Keywords

Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), Data Hiding, Inverse Burrows-Wheeler Transform (IBWT), Least Significant Bit (LSB), Radiographic Images, Steganography.

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